The Cathode ray oscilloscope is certainly the main instrument of the electronic laboratory.

It visualizes the variation in time of electronic signals, but most part of the physical quantities can be turned into electrical signals, such as temperature, air speed, pressure, humidity.

Therefore any physical quantity can be represented by the oscilloscope after an appropriate conversion is made by specific transducers.

The Microphone, for example, is the transducer that transforms sound pressure generated by the human voice into an electrical signal.

Therefore we can say that the oscilloscope is able to display human voice.

Oscilloscopes can also make frequency measurements of time intervals and can detect ferrous materials hysteresis loop.

The Spectrum analyser is an instrument which displays on a cathode ray tube screen the amplitude spectrum of an electrical signal.

Most important applications of this instrument regard broadcastings, stereophony, television, radar, data transmission.

This instrument allows to verify with great precision the bandwidth and level of a signal emitted by an analogue or digital transmitter verifying if its features correspond to the requested performances.

The Data tester is the necessary instrument in data transmission to measure the error rate in bits (BER) and blocks (BLER), as well as to measure connection conditions.
The Data tester is able to emulate both DTE and DCE ambients.

VIF, also called interface visualizer, makes the monitoring of the correct working of the interface circuits as well as imposing them some conditions.